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␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓βS␈↓∧ Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Stanford, California 94305
␈↓ ↓H␈↓∧Telephone 415 497-4430␈↓ 	oOctober 16, 1976




␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓↓The Nation␈↓
␈↓ ↓H␈↓333 6th Ave.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓New York, N.Y. 10014

␈↓ ↓H␈↓To the Editor:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Professor␈α⊂Wallerstein's␈α⊂≡ery␈α⊂denunciation␈α⊃of␈α⊂Kissinger's␈α⊂peace␈α⊂e≥orts␈α⊂in␈α⊃southern␈α⊂Africa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓intensi≡es␈α∀my␈α∀fear␈α∀that␈α∀we␈α∀are␈α∀in␈α∀a␈α∀prewar␈α∀period␈α∀-␈α∀pre␈α∀nuclear␈α∀war.␈α∀ Such␈α∃periods␈α∀are
␈↓ ↓H␈↓characterized␈α∂by␈α⊂the␈α∂spread␈α⊂of␈α∂victory-or-death␈α⊂ideologies.␈α∂ Wallerstein␈α⊂seems␈α∂to␈α⊂recognize␈α∂that
␈↓ ↓H␈↓what␈αhe␈α
wants␈αfor␈α
South␈αAfrica␈α
-␈αabsolute␈α
majority␈αrule␈α
-␈αcannot␈α
be␈αachieved␈α
without␈αwar,␈αbut␈α
he
␈↓ ↓H␈↓softens␈α
the␈α
potential␈αshock␈α
to␈α
his␈αreaders␈α
by␈α
the␈αproclamation,␈α
customary␈α
in␈α
speeches␈αadvocating
␈↓ ↓H␈↓war,␈αthat␈αwar␈αis␈α
already␈αin␈αprogress.␈α I␈αsuppose␈α
he␈αis␈αreconciled␈αto␈α
a␈αmillion␈αpeople␈αbeing␈αkilled␈α
in
␈↓ ↓H␈↓a␈α⊂conventional␈α∂war,␈α⊂but␈α⊂he␈α∂doesn't␈α⊂mention␈α⊂the␈α∂likelihood␈α⊂of␈α∂a␈α⊂nuclear␈α⊂war␈α∂in␈α⊂which␈α⊂tens␈α∂of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓millions may be killed even if non-African countries stay out.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Majority␈α∪rule␈α∪of␈α∪a␈α∩united␈α∪South␈α∪Africa␈α∪cannot␈α∩be␈α∪achieved␈α∪without␈α∪war,␈α∪because␈α∩all
␈↓ ↓H␈↓previous␈α∞cases␈α∞have␈α
been␈α∞disastrous␈α∞for␈α
the␈α∞whites,␈α∞and␈α
the␈α∞revanchist␈α∞atmosphere␈α∞that␈α
arouses
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Wallerstein's␈αenthusiasm␈αmakes␈αguarantees␈α
of␈αfederalism␈αincredible.␈α The␈α
war␈αcan't␈αbe␈αwon␈αby␈α
the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓blacks␈α∩without␈α∩becoming␈α∩nuclear,␈α∩because␈α∩the␈α∪Boers␈α∩are␈α∩the␈α∩kind␈α∩of␈α∩people␈α∩who␈α∪≡ght␈α∩with
␈↓ ↓H␈↓everything␈α∞they␈α∞have␈α∞when␈α∞pressed␈α∞to␈α∞the␈α∞wall,␈α∂and␈α∞since␈α∞they␈α∞will␈α∞get␈α∞no␈α∞outside␈α∞aid␈α∂and␈α∞the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓blacks will, their only long-term option is nuclear.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        The␈αleft␈αhas␈αbeen␈αencouraged␈αby␈αits␈αvictory␈α
in␈αVietnam␈αto␈αfavor␈αwar␈αas␈αa␈αway␈αof␈α
achieving
␈↓ ↓H␈↓its␈αobjectives.␈α However,␈αSouth␈αVietnam␈αwas␈αtotally␈αdependent␈αon␈αthe␈αUnited␈αStates,␈αand␈α
the␈αleft
␈↓ ↓H␈↓won␈α∞a␈α
political␈α∞victory␈α
here.␈α∞ But␈α
South␈α∞Africa␈α∞is␈α
di≥erent,␈α∞and␈α
anyone␈α∞who␈α
agrees␈α∞that␈α∞a␈α
full-
␈↓ ↓H␈↓scale␈α⊂war␈α⊂there␈α∂will␈α⊂be␈α⊂disastrous␈α⊂even␈α∂for␈α⊂the␈α⊂winner␈α∂should␈α⊂consider␈α⊂what␈α⊂compromises␈α∂are
␈↓ ↓H␈↓possible.␈α The␈αproblem␈αis␈αnot␈α≡nding␈α␈↓↓the␈αmost␈αjust␈αsettlement␈↓,␈αbut␈αrather␈α≡nding␈α␈↓↓a␈αsettlement␈αthat
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓both sides will prefer to war.␈↓

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        It␈αseems␈αto␈α
me␈αthe␈αblacks␈α
and␈αwhites␈αwill␈α
eventually␈αpartition␈αSouth␈α
Africa␈α-␈αbut␈αmost␈α
likely
␈↓ ↓H␈↓not␈α∞until␈α∂a␈α∞bloody␈α∂war␈α∞has␈α∂convinced␈α∞both␈α∂sides␈α∞they␈α∂can't␈α∞have␈α∂their␈α∞"full␈α∂rights".␈α∞ ␈↓↓Apartheid␈↓
␈↓ ↓H␈↓proposes␈α
giving␈αthe␈α
blacks␈α
13␈αpercent,␈α
but␈α
they␈αwill␈α
surely␈α≡ght␈α
rather␈α
than␈αaccept␈α
that,␈α
and␈αthe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓≡ght␈αwill␈α
be␈αbad␈α
enough␈αfor␈α
the␈αwhites␈α
so␈αthat␈αthey␈α
will␈αprefer␈α
giving␈αup␈α
more␈αto␈α
continuing␈αit.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓However,␈α
the␈αwhites␈α
in␈α
turn␈αwill␈α
≡ght␈αbefore␈α
accepting␈α
13␈αpercent.␈α
 Either␈αside␈α
should␈α
prefer␈α40
␈↓ ↓H␈↓percent␈α
to␈αnuclear␈α
war.␈α
 Thus␈αthere␈α
may␈α
be␈αa␈α
bargaining␈α
range␈αwithin␈α
which␈α
a␈α"peaceful␈α
solution"
␈↓ ↓H␈↓lies,␈αeven␈αif␈αSouth␈α
African␈αblacks,␈αlike␈αmost␈α
of␈αus,␈αhave␈α"to␈α
accept␈αsomething␈αless␈αthan␈αtheir␈α
right"
␈↓ ↓H␈↓and incur the contempt of some American supporters.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Anyone␈α⊂who␈α⊂values␈α⊂his␈α⊂skin␈α⊂should␈α⊂wish␈α⊂Dr.␈α⊂Kissinger␈α⊂good␈α⊂fortune␈α⊂in␈α⊂helping␈α⊂≡nd␈α∂a
␈↓ ↓H␈↓compromise.␈α I␈αthink␈αthey␈αwill␈αeventually␈αreach␈αa␈αcompromise␈αwithout␈αhis␈αhelp,␈α␈↓↓but␈αwouldn't␈αit␈αbe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓nice␈α
if␈αthey␈α
could␈α
reach␈αit␈α
without␈αkilling␈α
millions␈α
≡rst?␈↓␈αThe␈α
␈↓↓Nation␈↓␈α
has␈αhelped␈α
convince␈αthose␈α
who
␈↓ ↓H␈↓would␈α⊃like␈α⊃to␈α⊃liberate␈α∩eastern␈α⊃Europe␈α⊃from␈α⊃Soviet␈α⊃imperialism␈α∩that␈α⊃in␈α⊃the␈α⊃nuclear␈α∩age␈α⊃these
␈↓ ↓H␈↓objectives must be moderated.  The same is true here.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓α␈↓↓The Nation␈↓␈↓ ¬ZOctober 16, 1976␈↓ 
pPage 2␈↓↓ 



␈↓ ↓H␈↓Sincerely,



␈↓ ↓H␈↓John McCarthy
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Director
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Professor of Computer Science